Is Vaginal Dryness Common During Menopause?

Vaginal dryness isn’t just a minor inconvenience—it’s a life-altering symptom that millions of women endure in silence. Why? Because society has taught us to accept it as an inevitable part of aging. But here’s the truth: vaginal dryness is incredibly common, but it’s not something you have to suffer through. Nearly half of postmenopausal women experience it, and for those over 65, that number climbs even higher(1).

Menopause changes your body, but it shouldn’t take away your comfort or confidence. Understanding the causes of vaginal dryness is crucial for finding effective solutions. Hormonal changes, particularly drops in estrogen levels during menopause, are a primary reason for this condition, but these changes can occur at any age due to multiple causes. The sooner you take action, the easier it is to find relief. Whether you’re experiencing mild discomfort or painful sex, solutions exist to help you feel like yourself again. Let’s break the silence and talk about what’s really going on—so you can get the care you deserve.

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01

Understanding Vaginal Dryness

Vaginal dryness, medically known as vaginal atrophy, is a common condition that many women experience, especially during and after menopause. This condition occurs when the vaginal tissues become thinner, drier, and less elastic due to a decrease in estrogen levels. As estrogen levels drop, the vaginal lining loses its natural moisture and suppleness, leading to discomfort and pain.

The symptoms of vaginal dryness can be more than just a nuisance. Women may experience pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse, making intimacy a challenge. Additionally, the lack of moisture can increase the risk of vaginal infections and urinary tract infections, further complicating your health and well-being. Understanding the underlying changes in vaginal tissues can help in recognising and addressing this condition effectively.

Estrogen is a crucial component of vaginal health. It keeps the vaginal tissue thick, elastic, and well-lubricated. But during menopause, estrogen levels plummet, and with it, the vagina’s natural moisture and suppleness disappear(2). This can lead to what’s known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)—a frustrating mix of vaginal dryness, irritation, and even urinary issues(3).

Without enough estrogen, the vaginal walls thin, making everything from sitting to sex uncomfortable. You might experience:

• Burning or itching that just won’t go away(4).
• Painful intercourse, making intimacy something to avoid(5).
• Changes in vaginal discharge, or none at all(6).
• Frequent urinary tract infections, leaving you frustrated and uncomfortable(7).

The longer vaginal dryness goes untreated, the worse it can get. But the good news? There are plenty of effective solutions—let’s explore them.

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02

Causes and Risk Factors

Vaginal dryness can stem from various causes, with the most common being a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause. However, other factors can also contribute to this condition:

• Medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants and blood pressure medications, can lead to vaginal dryness.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Fluctuations in hormone levels, whether due to aging or medical conditions, can affect vaginal moisture.
• Postpartum Hormonal Changes: After birth and during breastfeeding, natural hormonal changes can lead to decreased vaginal lubrication.
• Smoking: Smoking can impair blood flow and reduce estrogen levels, exacerbating vaginal dryness.
• Medical Treatments: Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, especially for breast cancer, can impact estrogen levels and vaginal health.
• Vaginal Discharge or Infections: Conditions that affect vaginal discharge or lead to urinary tract infections can also contribute to dryness.

Risk factors for vaginal dryness include:

• Age: Women over 40 are more likely to experience vaginal dryness.
• Menopause: This is a significant period when vaginal dryness occurs due to hormonal changes.
• Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes and thyroid disorders can increase the risk.
• Medications: Certain drugs, including those for depression and high blood pressure, can contribute to dryness.

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03

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of vaginal dryness can vary, but common signs include:

• Dryness or Itchiness: Persistent dryness or itchiness in the vaginal area.
• Pain During Sexual Intercourse: Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse, often leading to avoidance of intimacy.
• Bleeding or Spotting: Experiencing bleeding or spotting during or after sexual intercourse.
• Increased Risk of Infections: A higher likelihood of vaginal infections and urinary tract infections.
• Decreased Libido: A reduction in sexual desire due to discomfort and pain.

Diagnosing vaginal dryness typically involves a thorough physical examination and a review of medical history. A healthcare provider may perform a pelvic exam to check for signs of vaginal atrophy and may take a sample of vaginal discharge to rule out other causes of symptoms. In some cases, additional tests like a Pap test or a biopsy may be recommended to exclude other conditions.

It’s crucial to seek medical attention if you experience severe vaginal dryness, pain during sexual intercourse, vaginal bleeding, or an increased risk of infections. A healthcare provider can diagnose the condition and recommend appropriate treatment options to alleviate symptoms and improve vaginal health.

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04

You Have Options: How to Treat Vaginal Dryness

The first step to relief is knowing that help is out there. From simple lifestyle changes to powerful medical treatments, there’s a solution that fits your needs. It is essential to have vaginal dryness treated to improve quality of life and sexual health.

Vaginal Moisturisers and Lubricants

If you’re looking for a quick and easy solution, vaginal moisturisers and lubricants are a great place to start.

• Vaginal moisturisers provide long-lasting hydration, keeping the vaginal lining healthy and comfortable(8). They are available as over-the-counter solutions and can be used every few days to maintain moisture in the vaginal area. It is important to use products specifically designed for vaginal use to avoid irritation.
• Lubricants offer instant relief during sex, reducing friction and discomfort(9).

Studies show that hyaluronic acid-based vaginal moisturisers can work just as well as estrogen creams to restore vaginal hydration(11).

Vaginal Estrogen Therapy: Targeted Relief at the Source

Vaginal estrogen therapy restores estrogen directly to the vaginal tissues, helping to:

• Replenish moisture and elasticity.
• Strengthen the vaginal lining, reducing discomfort.
• Improve sexual function and reduce pain(12).

Topical estrogen therapy, which involves applying estrogen directly to the vaginal area, can also be an effective treatment.

Vaginal estrogen is available as:

• Creams, applied directly to the vaginal wall.
• Tablets, for precise dosing.
• Rings, offering slow-release relief over several months(13).

Because it’s applied locally, vaginal estrogen therapy has minimal side effects compared to systemic hormone replacement therapy(14).

Small Changes, Big Impact: Lifestyle Tips for Vaginal Health

Beyond medical treatments, there are simple things you can do every day to support vaginal health and prevent dryness:

• Stay hydrated—drink plenty of water to support overall moisture levels(16).
• Avoid scented soaps and douches, which can strip natural moisture and irritate sensitive tissues(17).
• Keep sex regular, as it increases blood flow to the vaginal area, promoting natural lubrication(5).

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05

When to See a Doctor

If vaginal dryness is interfering with your daily life, it’s time to seek help. A healthcare provider can diagnose the issue and recommend the right treatment options. Don’t wait until the discomfort becomes unbearable—solutions are available, and relief is possible(18).

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06

You Deserve Comfort

Menopause is unavoidable, but vaginal discomfort isn’t. Whether you choose vaginal moisturisers, estrogen therapy, or lifestyle changes, there’s a solution to help you reclaim your confidence and enjoy life without discomfort.

Using a vaginal moisturiser can help maintain comfort and health. You don’t have to live with vaginal dryness. Take the first step today and explore the options that work best for you.